Figure 1
Phenotypic and genomic selection breeding schemes. Under phenotypic selection, one season is used for crossing and inbreeding and the next for evaluation and selection; under GS, selection can be performed prior to evaluation so that selection occurs every season rather than every other season; for "every season phenotyping," the evaluation is assumed to represent the target environment in any season; for "every other season phenotyping," only odd-numbered seasons represent the target environment and even-numbered seasons are greenhouse or off-season nurseries; for all methods, the black cycle (C0) is phenotyped; for GS, this cycle contributes to the training population (TP), as indicated by the colored line under the word "Select" in Season 1; in Season 2, candidates of the blue cycle (C1) are produced, and selection is possible under GS, but using the same TP as for Season 1 (insufficient time for new phenotyping has elapsed); in Season 3, candidates of the green cycle (C2) are produced, evaluation of C1 candidates occurs and can contribute to the TP used to select C2 candidates; similar events occur in Season 4 except that for every other season phenotyping, evaluations are not performed because they would not be representative of the target environment