Table 1 Notation key

i – j

Focal individual - Group mates of the focal individual

A _D

Direct genetic effect \ Direct breeding value

A _I

Indirect genetic effect \ Indirect breeding value

A _T

Total genetic effect \ Total breeding value

E _D

Direct environmental effect

E _I

Indirect environmental effect

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{A}}_{\mathrm{D}}}^2$

Direct genetic variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{A}}_{\mathrm{DI}}}$

Direct–indirect genetic covariance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{A}}_{\mathrm{I}}}^2$

Indirect genetic variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{A}}_{\mathrm{T}}}^2$

Total genetic variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{Cage}}^2$

Cage variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{E}}^2$

Error variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{P}}^2$

Phenotypic variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{E}}^{\mathit{*}}}^2$

Pooled error variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{*}}}^2$

Pooled phenotypic variance

h ²

Direct genetic variance relative to phenotypic variance \ Heritability

T ²

Total genetic variance relative to phenotypic variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{z}}^2$

Full variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{b}}^2$

Between-family variance

${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathit{w}}^2$

Within-family variance

r

Relatedness within a family

N

Number of families

m

Number of records per family

o

Family size

n

Group size

^

Hat, denotes estimated values