Figure 1From: Methods to estimate breeding values in honey beesThe Beebreed breeding system. Rectangles indicate fertilized queens with sperm cells in their spermatheca. The sperm cells derive from drones (small circles) produced by drone-producing queens (squares). The picture illustrates the pedigree of queen 1a in a colony with workers that derive from the queen and the sperm cells in the spermatheca. The numbers 1a-12a given to queens and 1b-4b given to drone-producing queens are those used in the Beebreed system.Back to article page