Estimates of genetic trend for single-step genomic evaluations

Table 2 Selected means (\(\bar{x}\)) and standard deviations (SD) across replicates for the norm of the vector of mean breeding values per generation deviated from ‘pedigree only’ values and for the regression coefficients of true on predicted breeding value for animals in generation 10

M. \(^{\mathrm{{a}}}\)	Fr. \(^{\mathrm{{b}}}\)	Genotypes in generations
		0–10		2–10		4–10		7–10		10 Only
		\(\bar{x}\)	SD	\(\bar{x}\)	SD	\(\bar{x}\)	SD	\(\bar{x}\)	SD	\(\bar{x}\)	SD
Norm for vector of mean breeding values
M0	all	0.10	0.04	1.19	0.03	1.39	0.07	1.68	0.12	2.53	0.09
M0	1st	0.10	0.04	0.41	0.03	1.27	0.08	1.82	0.13	2.53	0.09
M0	fou	0.10	0.04	0.07	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.01
M0	half	0.09	0.04	0.60	0.02	0.65	0.04	0.44	0.05	0.13	0.01
MG	all	0.10	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.47	0.05	0.32	0.03	0.09	0.01
MA	half	0.09	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.01	0.01
Regression of true on predicted breeding values
M0	all	0.992	0.020	0.883	0.021	0.841	0.028	0.784	0.033	0.728	0.035
M0	1st	0.992	0.020	0.979	0.020	0.921	0.020	0.806	0.026	0.728	0.035
M0	fou	0.992	0.020	0.991	0.021	0.989	0.021	0.980	0.021	0.944	0.023
M0	half	0.989	0.020	1.031	0.023	1.058	0.026	1.114	0.038	1.274	0.055
MG	all	0.992	0.020	0.998	0.023	1.017	0.025	1.049	0.031	1.109	0.041
MA	half	0.989	0.020	0.990	0.021	0.993	0.021	0.999	0.023	1.001	0.027

\(^{\mathrm{{a}}}\) Model M0: No alignment between GRM and NRM, MG: Modifying the GRM by adding \(\alpha {\mathbf{J}}\), and MA: Extending the NRM to include a meta-founder with self-relationship \(\gamma\)
\(^{\mathrm{{b}}}\) Frequencies used to center marker allele counts—all: using all genotypes in the subset, 1st: using only genotypes in the first generation available, fou: using founder frequencies (generation 0), and half: assuming frequencies of value 0.5 throughout

ISSN: 1297-9686