Fig. 4

Estimated genetic correlations between populations without regressing the genomic relationship matrix. The average estimated genetic correlation (± standard error of the mean) at different simulated genetic correlations for the scenario in which a markers and causal loci have similar allele frequencies in the two populations, b markers have similar and causal loci different allele frequencies in the two populations, or c markers and causal loci have different allele frequencies in the two populations, when the genomic relationship matrix is either based on the genotypes of causal loci (2000), HDP (200,000), MDP (20,000), or LDP (2000) markers without regression towards the pedigree relationship matrix. Standard errors were calculated as the standard deviation over replicates divided by the square root of the number of replicates