Fig. 1

Pedigree example, adapted from Table 2.1 in [47] (a). Graphical representation of the pedigree (b) with the corresponding relatedness matrix \({\mathbf {A}}\) (c). The matrices from the decomposition \({\mathbf {A}}={\mathbf {T}}{\mathbf {D}}{\mathbf {T}}'\) for the genetic groups described in the text are given in (d) and (e). In the genetic group example, animals 1 and 2 are founders of genetic group 1, and animal 3 of genetic group 2