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Table 2 Trends of the different inbreeding criteria estimating genetic gain and genetic diversity per year

From: The impact of genomic selection on genetic diversity and genetic gain in three French dairy cattle breeds

Parameter

Breed

b1 (± SE)

b 2

\(\varvec{\delta}\) (± SE)

p-value of \(\varvec{\delta}\)

RC

ISU

MON

3.25 (± 0.28)

4.89

1.64 (± 0.72)

0.023

0.50

NOR

3.42 (± 0.31)

5.85

2.43 (± 0.79)

2.1e−03

0.71

HOL

7.77 (± 0.16)

10.31

2.54 (± 0.41)

6.9e−10

0.33

Fped (in  %)a

MON

0.090 (± 0.029)

0.11

0.019 (± 0.076)

0.81

0.21

NOR

0.059 (± 0.024)

0.19

0.13 (± 0.061)

0.035

2.20

HOL

0.088 (± 0.013)

0.49

0.40 (± 0.033)

< 1e−10

4.50

fped (in  %)a

MON

− 0.14 (± 0.006)

− 0.013

0.13 (± 0.018)

< 1e−10

0.91

NOR

− 0.11 (± 0.008)

0.072

0.19 (± 0.022)

< 1e−10

1.64

HOL

0.20 (± 0.002)

0.22

0.019 (± 0.005)

1.5e−04

0.092

FROH (in  %)a

MON

0.17 (± 0.033)

0.076

− 0.095 (± 0.085)

0.26

− 0.56

NOR

0.12 (± 0.033)

0.14

0.019 (± 0.082)

0.82

0.16

HOL

0.080 (± 0.018)

0.55

0.47 (± 0.045)

< 1e−10

5.93

Mean ROHb length

MON

4.75 (± 1.64)

0.09

− 4.66 (± 4.22)

0.27

− 0.98

NOR

1.32 (± 1.74)

1.2

− 0.149 (± 4.36)

0.97

− 0.11

HOL

1.53 (± 0.965)

13

11.9 (± 2.43)

1.1e−06

7.77

  1. b1 is the slope of regression of each parameter depending on birth year for progeny-tested bulls born between 2005 and 2010 (progeny testing selection), and δ the difference between the slopes of regression of each parameter depending on birth year for progeny testing selection and for marketed bulls born between 2012 and 2015 (genomic selection), for Montbéliarde (MON), Normande (NOR) and Holstein (HOL). The relative change (RC) is equal to \(\frac{\delta }{{\left| {b_{1} } \right|}}\). b2 is the slope of the parameter for marketed bulls born between 2012 and 2015 (genomic selection), equal to b1 + \(\delta\). The p-value of \(\delta\) corresponds to the significance of the non-nullity of δ
  2. ISU, total merit index; Fped, pedigree-based inbreeding; fped, pedigree-based kinship; FROH, inbreeding based on Runs of Homozygosity (ROH)
  3. aSlopes and standard errors are displayed in %. p-values and relative changes are not
  4. bRuns of homozygosity