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Table 3 Difference (Diff) between expected phenotypes of cows with low and high inbreeding, for significant traits and total inbreeding measures

From: Inbreeding depression due to recent and ancient inbreeding in Dutch Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle

Trait

\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{PED}}}\)

\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{ROH}}}\)

\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{GRM}}}\)

Low

High

Diff

Low

High

Diff

Low

High

Diff

MY

8175

7977

198

8227

7926

301

8232

7917

315

FY

345.4

337.4

8.0

347.0

335.9

11.1

346.7

336.2

10.5

PY

285.8

279.2

6.6

287.5

277.5

10.0

287.5

277.4

10.1

CI

393.0

395.4

− 2.4

392.2

396.2

− 4.0

392.2

396.2

− 4.0

IFL

39.6

40.3

− 0.7

38.9

41.1

− 2.2

38.7

41.4

− 2.7

CR

64.5

62.9

1.6

64.8

62.6

2.2

64.9

62.5

2.4

SCS400

1579

1583

− 4

1578

1585

− 7

1578

1585

− 7

  1. MY: 305-day milk yield (kg); FY: 305-day fat yield (kg); PY: 305-day protein yield (kg); CI: calving interval (days); IFL: interval first to last insemination (days); CR: conception rate (%); SCS400: somatic cell score day 151 to 400 (1000 + 100*[log2 of cells/mL])
  2. \(F_{PED}\): pedigree inbreeding based on all generations; \(F_{ROH}\): inbreeding based on all regions of homozygosity; \(F_{GRM}\): inbreeding based on the genomic relationship matrix computed with allele frequencies of 0.5
  3. Low and high inbreeding were defined as the 5% and 95% percentile, respectively. Low and high inbreeding equalled 2.8% and 8.0% for \(F_{PED}\), 8.5% and 16.9% for \(F_{ROH}\) and 25.9% and 32.4% for \(F_{GRM}\)