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Table 4 Effect of an increase in the ancestral history coefficient (\(\varvec{AHC}\)) on all traits, when a model with only the \(\varvec{AHC}\) or with the \(\varvec{AHC}\) and pedigree-based inbreeding (\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{PED}}}\)) was used

From: Inbreeding depression due to recent and ancient inbreeding in Dutch Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle

Trait

Model with only \(\varvec{AHC}\)

Model with \(\varvec{AHC}\) and \(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{PED}}}\)

\(\varvec{AHC}\)

\(\varvec{AHC}\)

\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{PED}}}\)

Estimate

SE

Estimate

SE

Estimate

SE

MY

157.1

306.5

403.7

307.0

− 38.3**

3.7

FY

9.4

11.1

20.2

11.1

− 1.6**

0.14

PY

24.5**

9.2

34.1**

9.2

− 1.31**

0.11

CI

11.5

14.7

7.0

14.9

0.44

0.23

ICF

6.8

6.1

5.3

6.2

0.15

0.09

IFL

− 11.2

11.8

− 12.9

12.0

0.17

0.19

CR

3.5

7.2

7.0

7.4

− 0.34**

0.12

SCS150

− 25.3

29.9

− 31.4

30.2

0.64

0.44

SCS400

− 3.2

30.0

− 11.4

30.3

0.88*

0.43

  1. MY: 305-day milk yield (kg); FY: 305-day fat yield (kg); PY: 305-day protein yield (kg); CI: calving interval (days); ICF: interval calving to first insemination (days); IFL: interval first to last insemination (days); CR: conception rate (%); SCS150 somatic cell score day 5 to 150 (1000 + 100*[log2 of cells/mL]); SCS400: somatic cell score day 151 to 400 (1000 + 100*[log2 of cells/mL])
  2. Significance for non-nullity is indicated by stars (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01)