Fig. 1From: A simulation study of a honeybee breeding scheme accounting for polyandry, direct and maternal effects on colony performanceDescription of the complex phenotype of a honeybee colony. The complex phenotype of the colony results from the activity of the queen and all the workers whose genotypes come from both the queen and the drone-producing queen (considered as a pseudo-sire, i.e. a virtual diploid sire)Back to article page