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Table 1 Simulated epistatic model for two-locus interactions

From: The long-term effects of genomic selection: 1. Response to selection, additive genetic variance, and genetic architecture

Genotype locus B

Genotype locus C

CC

Cc

cc

BB

\(e_{00} = \mu + a_{B} + a_{C} + k\)

\(e_{01} = \mu + a_{B} + d_{C} + m\)

\(e_{02} = \mu + a_{B} - a_{C} - k\)

Bb

\(e_{10} = \mu + d_{B} + a_{C} + l\)

\(e_{11} = \mu + d_{B} + d_{C} + n\)

\(e_{12} = \mu + d_{B} - a_{C} - l\)

bb

\(e_{20} = \mu - a_{B} + a_{C} - k\)

\(e_{21} = \mu - a_{B} + d_{C} - m\)

\(e_{22} = \mu - a_{B} - a_{C} + k\)

  1. First, nine epistatic effects (\(e_{00}\) to \(e_{22}\)) were simulated randomly, by sampling for each effect an epistatic degree (\(\varepsilon\)) from a normal distribution and scaling them by the additive effects of the two loci (i.e. \(e_{00} = \varepsilon_{00} \sqrt {\left| {a_{B} a_{C} } \right|}\)). Then, those nine epistatic effects were used to estimate the separate functional additive (\(a_{B}\) and \(a_{C}\)), dominance (\(d_{B}\) and \(d_{C}\)), additive-by-additive (\(k\)), additive-by-dominance (\(l\) and \(m\)) and dominance-by-dominance (\(n\)) epistatic effects that were underlying those epistatic effects