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Table 2 Case definitions and severity scoring system for assessing sole haemorrhage (SH), sole ulcers (SU), and white line disease (WL)

From: Single-step genome-wide association analyses of claw horn lesions in Holstein cattle using linear and threshold models

Severity grading score

SH (sole haemorrhage)

SU (sole ulcers)

WL (white line disease)

Discoloration of the sole horn

Exposure of fresh or necrotic corium

Lesion localised to the white line region

0

No lesion

No lesion

No lesion

1

Light pink lesion < 2 cm diameter or diffuse discoloration of sole

 < 2 cm diameter lesion covered by a thin layer of horn prior to modelling

Haemorrhage of the white line, discoloration or separation of the white line which disappears after limited trimming

2

Light pink lesion ≥ 2 cm diameter or dark pink/purple lesion < 2 cm diameter

 ≥ 2 cm diameter lesion with < 1.5 cm granulation tissue protruding through the horn

Deeper separation or discoloration of the white line, lesion is still present after limited trimming

3

Dark pink/purple lesion ≥ 2 cm diameter or discoloration with blue tinge

 ≥ 1.5 cm granulation tissue protruding through the horn or secondary bacterial infection

Separation of the white line which extends to the corium, purulent exudate or necrotic tissue may be present