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Table 1 Ten classes of parental diplotypes with different two-locus genotypes and distributions of produced gametes

From: Mendelian sampling covariability of marker effects and genetic values

Parental diplotype

Genotype indicators

Probabilities of gametes

Characterizing parameters

\(c_{a,i}\)

\(c_{a,j}\)

\(c_{d,i}\)

\(c_{d,j}\)

\(p_{A-A}\)

\(p_{A-B}\)

\(p_{B-A}\)

\(p_{B-B}\)

\(D_{i,j}\)

\(p_{i}\)

\(p_{j}\)

\(\begin{array}{c} A-A \\ A-A \end{array}\)

1

1

−1

−1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

\(\begin{array}{c} A-A \\ A-B \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} A-B \\ A-A \end{array}\)

1

0

−1

1

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

0

0

1

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\begin{array}{c} A-A \\ B-A \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} B-A \\ A-A \end{array}\)

0

1

1

−1

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

1

\(\begin{array}{c} A-B \\ A-B \end{array}\)

1

−1

−1

−1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

\(\begin{array}{c} B-A \\ B-A \end{array}\)

−1

1

−1

−1

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

\(\begin{array}{c} A-A \\ B-B \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} B-B \\ A-A \end{array}\)

0

0

1

1

\(\frac{1-\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{1-\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{1-2\theta _{i,j}}{4}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\begin{array}{c} A-B \\ B-A \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} B-A \\ A-B \end{array}\)

0

0

1

1

\(\frac{\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{1-\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{1-\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(\frac{\theta _{i,j}}{2}\)

\(-\frac{1-2\theta _{i,j}}{4}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\begin{array}{c} A-B \\ B-B \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} B-B \\ A-B \end{array}\)

0

−1

1

−1

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

\(\begin{array}{c} B-A \\ B-B \end{array}/\begin{array}{c} B-B \\ B-A \end{array}\)

−1

0

−1

1

0

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

0

0

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\begin{array}{c} B-B \\ B-B \end{array}\)

−1

−1

−1

−1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

  1. Different diplotypes with identical genotypes at markers i and j are separated by a slash. Genotype indicators are given for additive (\(c_{a,i},c_{a,j}\)) and dominance (\(c_{d,i},c_{d,j}\)) effects at both parental marker genotypes. The probabilities of gametes are specific for each diplotype class and they can be summarized by three characteristic parameters: LD \(D_{i,j}\) and the probabilities \(p_{i}\), \(p_{j}\) for an A-allele at locus i or j. \(\theta _{i,j}\) is the recombination fraction