Fig. 2

Comparison of the power of rare variant mapping methods in scenarios with different MAF for rare variants and heritabilities. a, b Heritability = 0.5; 0.01 ≤ MAF < 0.02, 0.005 ≤ MAF < 0.01, 0.001 ≤ MAF < 0.005, MAF < 0.001; proportion of additive genetic variance explained by the QTL = 0.01; sample size in the test = 1000; with multiple rare variants simulated as QTL (a) and one rare variant simulated as a QTL (b). c, d Heritability = 0.3; 0.01 ≤ MAF < 0.02, 0.005 ≤ MAF < 0.01, 0.001 ≤ MAF < 0.005, MAF < 0.001; proportion of additive genetic variance explained by the QTL = 0.01; sample size in the test = 1000; with multiple rare variant simulated as a QTL (c) and one rare variant simulated as a QTL (d)