Fig. 1

Description of the methods used to build relationship matrices. a Haplotypes of five SNPs for two individuals. b Method DW, \({\mathbf{H}}_{1,2}\). Each haplotype segment has the same length (\({\text{j}} = 2\), \({\text{k}}/{\text{j}} = 5/2 = 3\), \({\text{k}}\) SNPs and window of size \({\text{j}}\)), with the last window potentially using SNPs that may have been used in the penultimate segment. \({{\varvec{\Gamma}}}_{\text{i}}\) is the relationship matrix for each window and \({{\varvec{\Gamma}}}\) is the final relationship matrix. c Method SW, \({\mathbf{H}}_{2,2}\). Haplotypes that are two SNPs long are constructed from adjacent pairs of SNPs with SNPs present in more than one segment (\({\text{j}} = 2\), \({\text{k }} - {\text{j }} + 1 = 5 - 2 + 1 = 4\)). d Method TMS, \({\mathbf{H}}_{3,2}\). The total number of SNPs in contiguous segments that are identical in pairs of haplotypes. The segment size 2 defines the minimum number of SNPs in two contiguous haplotype segments to be considered as identical by descent (IBD)