Fig. 4

Genetic trends of worker and queen effects under sire modeling scenarios for controlled mating and parameter set 1. The first row of graphs is from scenarios using single sire mating (SS) as the controlled mating strategy in the simulation, and the second row from scenarios using pseudo sire mating (PS). From left to right, results were obtained under sire pedigree modeling scenarios for controlled mating assigning: single sires (C_SS_P); a dummy single sire per dam of DPQ(s) (C_dummySSp/DPQdam); a dummy single sire for each mating (C_dummySS_P/Q); and pseudo sires (C_PS_P)