Modeling relationships between calving traits: a comparison between standard and recursive mixed models

Table 3 Predictive ability of standard (SMM) and recursive mixed models from the analyses of cross-validation subsets

^aBoldface numbers indicate the best performance by criterion of comparison; ^bRMM1: recursive mixed model (RMM) assuming that the relationship between residuals is due to the recursive relationships between the gestation length (GL) phenotype and the liabilities to calving difficulty (CD) and stillbirth (SB); RMM2: RMM assuming that the relationships both between residuals and between herd-years are due to the recursive relationships between the phenotype of GL and the liabilities to CD and SB; RMM3: recursive mixed model assuming that phenotypic correlations of the system are uniquely caused by the recursiveness

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