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  • III — Méthodes D’inventaire et de Caractérisation de la Diversité Génétique en Milieu Naturel / Methods for Inventory and Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Natural Environment
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Éléments transposables et évolution du génome d’une espèce invasive: le cas de Drosophila simulans

Transposable elements and genome evolution of invasive species: the case of Drosophila

Genetics Selection Evolution volume 33, Article number: S107 (2001) Cite this article

Résumé

Les deux espèces jumelles D. melanogaster et D. simulans diffèrent pour leur nombre global de copies d’éléments transposables (ETs) de leur génome. D. simulans a moins de copies que D. melanogaster et le nombre de copies varie fortement entre populations naturelles. En effet, certains ETs sont absents de la plupart des populations de D. simulans mais présents en nombre élevé de copies dans quelques-unes. Ces données suggèrent que le génome de l’espèce D. simulans est en train d’être envahi par de nombreux ETs qui auraient été „ mobilisés ” récemment. Cette mobilisation serait reliée à la colonisation du monde par D. simulans. Nous donnons des arguments en faveur de cette hypothèse par une étude détaillée du nombre de copies, de la structure de ces copies et du taux de transcription du rétro-transposon 412 dans les populations des deux espèces D. melanogaster et D. simulans. Nous soutenons ainsi l’idée que la colonisation de nouveaux habitats par une espèce serait associée à une mobilisation de ses éléments transposables, ce qui conduirait à un accroissement de la taille des génomes des espèces invasives.

Abstract

Drosophila simulans presents a large variation in copy number among various transposable elements (TEs) and among natural populations for a given element. Some elements are absent in most populations, except in one or two which have many copies. This suggests that some TEs are being awaken in some populations and are in the process of invading the species while it is colonizing the world. We present evidence for this hypothesis by a detailed analysis of copy number, structure of the copy sequences, and transcription rate of the retrotranspos-able element 412 in natural populations of the two sister species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. The data support the idea that colonization of new habitats by a species is associated with mobilization of TEs, which leads to an increase in genome size of the invading species.

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  1. Laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive (UMR - CNRS 5558), Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France

    Christian Biémont, Cristina Vieira & Nathalie Borie

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Biémont, C., Vieira, C. & Borie, N. Éléments transposables et évolution du génome d’une espèce invasive: le cas de Drosophila simulans. Genet Sel Evol 33 (Suppl 1), S107 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03500876

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Genetics Selection Evolution

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