Fig. 8

SNP effects estimated by three multi-trait analyses (multi-GWAS, multi-PP, and multi-LGEBV). a On OAR11 near the STAT3 gene. b On OAR15 near the ALX4 gene. The top SNPs identified by these three methods are indicated by a red circle on each plot. Note that the scale of the y axis is different for each graph. The scale for multi-GWAS is −log₁₀ of the P values to the corresponding F values of SNP effects, for multi-LGEBV is −log₁₀ of P values to the corresponding of F values of SNP effects for PC1, which was divided by 1000, and for multi-PP is multi-trait \({\text{pp}}_{{{\text{effect}} \ne 0}}\)