Fig. 7
Effective/census number of bulls ratios of three French dairy cattle breeds. Effective number of bulls/Number of bulls ratios \({{Ne_{\text{breed, selection}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{Ne_{\text{breed, selection}} } {n_{\text{breed, selection}} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {n_{\text{breed, selection}} }}\) were computed for progeny-tested bulls for individuals born between 2005 and 2010 for progeny testing selection (blue) and for marketed bulls born between 2012 and 2015 for genomic selection (red) for Montbéliarde, Normande and Holstein. Black bars represent 95% confidence intervals, generated by random resampling with replacement of the datasets (bootstrap with 1000 iterations)