Inbreeding depression due to recent and ancient inbreeding in Dutch Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle

Table 2 Estimates of inbreeding depression for all traits and total inbreeding measures, expressed as the change in expected phenotype per 1% increase in inbreeding

Trait	\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{PED}}}\)		\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{ROH}}}\)		\(\varvec{F}_{{\varvec{GRM}}}\)
Trait	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
MY	− 37.95**	3.66	− 36.25**	2.35	− 48.07**	2.83
FY	− 1.54**	0.14	− 1.34**	0.09	− 1.60**	0.11
PY	− 1.27**	0.11	− 1.20**	0.07	− 1.55**	0.09
CI	0.46*	0.23	0.48**	0.15	0.62**	0.18
ICF	0.16	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.07
IFL	0.13	0.19	0.27*	0.12	0.42**	0.15
CR	− 0.31*	0.12	− 0.27**	0.08	− 0.36**	0.09
SCS150	0.58	0.44	0.30	0.28	0.44	0.34
SCS400	0.86*	0.43	0.86**	0.28	1.15**	0.33

MY: 305-day milk yield (kg); FY: 305-day fat yield (kg); PY: 305-day protein yield (kg); CI: calving interval (days); ICF: interval calving to first insemination (days); IFL: interval first to last insemination (days); CR: conception rate (%); SCS150 somatic cell score day 5 to 150 (1000 + 100*[log2 of cells/mL]); SCS400: somatic cell score day 151 to 400 (1000 + 100*[log2 of cells/mL])
\(F_{PED}\): pedigree inbreeding based on all generations; \(F_{ROH}\): inbreeding based on all regions of homozygosity; \(F_{GRM}\): inbreeding based on genomic relationship matrix computed with allele frequencies of 0.5
Significance for non-nullity is indicated by stars (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01)

ISSN: 1297-9686