Fig. 4
Validation of variants identified in the meta-analysis (115 variants) in five independent Bos taurus cohorts (P < 0.05 in validation cohort). Plots show Z-statistics for the variants in the meta-analysis (temperament) and validation GWAS (docility score). The allele substitution effect of variants associated with flight time is assumed to have the same direction as for docility scores (1 = “Aggressive” to 10 = “Docile”). Across all cohorts, there were 73/115 validated variants (P < 2 \(\times\) 10−5, permutation test), all located on chromosome 21, and 30/73 variants had the expected direction (P = 0.01, sign test of concordance), all found in Charolais animals