Table 1 Descriptive statistics, genomic heritability (h²) and number of significant SNPs in the GWAS for sperm quality parameters (N = 300)

Concentration (sperm/mL)

CON

141.3 (65.5)

0.13 (0.11)

0

0

Viability 5 min

VIAB_5

90.1 (6.3)

1 × 10^–6 (0.11)

0

0

Viability 90 min

VIAB_90

77.4 (17.3)

0.14 (0.13)

0

0

Osmotic resistance test

ORT

79.8 (12.5)

0.13 (0.12)

0

0

Head abnormalities

HABN

2.1 (5.9)

0.16 (0.11)

41

0

Neck abnormalities

NABN

3.0 (4.9)

1 × 10^–6 (0.13)

18

0

Tail abnormalities

TABN

2.7 (3.4)

0.09 (0.12)

0

0

Proximal droplets

PDROP

3.5 (5.1)

0.12 (0.15)

1

0

Distal droplets

DDROP

4.5 (4.5)

0.06 (0.11)

0

0

Motility 5 min

MT_5

75.4 (18.1)

0.21 (0.15)

3

217

Motility 90 min

MT_90

64.1 (22.0)

0.39 (0.14)

2

252

Average path velocity 5 min (µm/seg)

VAP_5

34.0 (10.2)

0.17 (0.11)

0

0

Average path velocity 90 min (µm/seg)

VAP_90

30.8 (9.5)

0.35 (0.13)

0

0

Curvilinear velocity 5 min (µm/seg)

VCL_5

46.2 (12.5)

0.11 (0.10)

0

0

Curvilinear velocity 90 min (µm/seg)

VCL_90

39.7 (10.2)

0.35 (0.13)

0

0

Straight line velocity 5 min (µm/seg)

VSL_5

27.0 (8.3)

0.23 (0.13)

0

38

Straight line Velocity 90 min (µm/seg)

VSL_90

25.9 (8.3)

0.34 (0.13)

0

0

Abnormal acrosomes 5 min

ACRO_5

7.0 (5.6)

0.08 (0.11)

4

0

Abnormal acrosomes 90 min

ACRO_90

16.4 (12.6)

0.06 (0.10)

0

0

Ratio motility

R_MT

0.9 (0.2)

1 × 10^–6 (0.11)

0

0

Ratio average path velocity

R_VAP

0.9 (0.3)

1 × 10^–6 (0.08)

0

0

Ratio Curvilinear velocity

R_VCL

0.9 (0.3)

1 × 10^–6 (0.09)

0

0

Ratio straight line velocity

R_VSL

1.0 (0.3)

0.06 (0.10)

0

0

Ratio viability

R_VIAB

0.9 (0.3)

0.08 (0.11)

0

0

Ratio acrosomes

R_ACRO

3.4 (3.5)

0.08 (0.11)

1

0