Fig. 2

Response to selection (mean and standard error over 100 replicates) when group members were composed at random (RAN) versus composed of four families (FAM) per group. These two designs were compared under three breeding schemes: SGM_DGE used a social genetic model (SGM) with selection criteria based on direct genetic values (DGE); SGM_TBV used a SGM with selection criteria based on total breeding values (TBV); and CGM_DGE used the classical genetic model (CGM) with selection criteria based on DGE. Breeding schemes used either pedigree- (\({\mathbf{A}}\)) or genomic-based (\({\mathbf{G}}\)) relationships were used. The variance components used were true (TrueVC) and estimated values (EstVC). The trait was simulated with a SGE variance of 0.01 and a correlation between SGE and DGE of 0