Fig. 4
From: Taming transposable elements in livestock and poultry: a review of their roles and applications
Four examples of the impacts of TE on protein-coding genes: a A PRE-1 polymorphism located in the first intron of the VRTN gene was found to be significantly associated with the number of thoracic vertebrae in pigs; b a 1.3-kb LTR-mediated deleterious mutation in exon 5 of the APOB gene was found to cause cholesterol deficiency in Holstein cattle; c a SINE polymorphism was found in the promoter region of the MSTN gene in thoroughbred horses, which can affect the expression of this gene and d the ASIP gene in white buffalo lacks pigment in the skin and hair due to a 165-bp insertion of the LINE-1 into its first intron. Red boxes represent exons, green triangles represent TE, and yellow ovals represent promoter